Writing out a number like 602,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 in full is impractical — that's Avogadro's number, and scientists use it constantly. Scientific notation exists specifically to make numbers like this manageable.
A number in scientific notation is written as a value between 1 and 10, multiplied by a power of 10. For example, 602,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 becomes 6.02 × 10²³. The exponent tells you how many places the decimal point moved.
To convert a large number into scientific notation, move the decimal point left until only one non-zero digit remains before it, then count how many places you moved — that count becomes the positive exponent. For example, 45,000 becomes 4.5 × 10⁴.
For numbers smaller than 1, the process is similar but the exponent is negative. For example, 0.00032 becomes 3.2 × 10⁻⁴, since the decimal point moved four places to the right.
Most scientific calculators display very large or very small results automatically in scientific notation, often shown with an "E" or "×10" in the display — for example, 6.02E23 means 6.02 × 10²³.
Calvo's scientific calculator automatically switches to scientific notation for very large or very small results, so you can see the conversion happen in real time.