2nd Year Physics Formulas
All 2nd Year Physics formulas, chapter by chapter, with search and a printable layout.
Chapters are placed in 1st or 2nd Year following the usual Punjab and Federal board outline. Your board may order chapters differently, so check your own syllabus.
Chapters: Electrostatics · Current Electricity · Magnetism · Modern Physics · Electromagnetism · Elasticity · Semiconductor Physics · AC Circuits · Semiconductor Devices
Electrostatics (17)
| Formula | Expression |
|---|
| Coulomb's Law | F = kq₁q₂/r² |
| Electric Field | E = F/q = kQ/r² |
| Electric Potential | V = kQ/r |
| Capacitance | C = Q/V |
| Capacitors in Series | 1/C = 1/C₁ + 1/C₂ + ... |
| Capacitors in Parallel | C = C₁ + C₂ + ... |
| Energy Stored in Capacitor | U = ½CV² |
| Electric Flux | Φ = EA cosθ |
| Electric Dipole Moment | p = qd |
| Electric Field due to Point Charge | E = kQ/r² |
| Electric Potential due to Point Charge | V = kQ/r |
| Work Done Moving Charge | W = qΔV |
| Parallel Plate Capacitor | C = ε0A/d |
| Electric Field Between Plates | E = V/d |
| Electric Potential Energy | U = kq1q2/r |
| Capacitance of Parallel Plate Capacitor | C = ε₀A/d |
| Energy Stored in a Capacitor | U = ½CV² |
Current Electricity (26)
| Formula | Expression |
|---|
| Ohm's Law | V = IR |
| Electrical Power | P = VI = I²R |
| Resistivity | R = ρL/A |
| Resistors in Series | R = R₁ + R₂ + ... |
| Resistors in Parallel | 1/R = 1/R₁ + 1/R₂ + ... |
| Electrical Energy | E = Pt |
| Series Resistance | Rₜ = R₁+R₂+R₃ |
| Parallel Resistance | 1/Rₜ = 1/R₁+1/R₂+1/R₃ |
| Kirchhoff's Voltage Law | ΣV = 0 (closed loop) |
| Terminal Voltage | V = ε − Ir |
| Drift Velocity | I = nAvq |
| Current Definition | I = Q/t |
| Kirchhoff's Current Law | Sum of currents entering = Sum leaving a junction |
| Power Dissipated (Resistor) | P = I²R |
| Wheatstone Bridge Balance Condition | P/Q = R/S |
| Potentiometer Principle (concept) | potential drop is proportional to length of wire |
| RMS Value (AC) | Irms = I0/√2 |
| Average Power (AC circuit) | P = Vrms Irms cosφ |
| Transformer Voltage Ratio | Vs/Vp = Ns/Np |
| Capacitive Reactance | Xc = 1/(2πfC) |
| Inductive Reactance | XL = 2πfL |
| Resonant Frequency (LC Circuit) | f0 = 1/(2π√(LC)) |
| Kirchhoff's Current Law (concept) | sum of currents entering a junction equals sum leaving |
| Kirchhoff's Voltage Law (concept) | sum of voltage drops around a closed loop equals zero |
| Terminal Voltage of a Cell | V = ε - Ir |
| Power Dissipated in Resistor | P = I²R |
Magnetism (14)
| Formula | Expression |
|---|
| Force on Charge | F = qvB sinθ |
| Faraday's Law | EMF = -dΦ/dt |
| Magnetic Flux | Φ = BA cosθ |
| Force between Parallel Wires | F/L = μ₀I₁I₂/2πd |
| Magnetic Field (solenoid) | B = μ₀nI |
| Torque on Current Loop | τ = NIAB sinθ |
| Magnetic Field due to Long Straight Wire | B = μ0I/(2πr) |
| Ampere Force on Current-Carrying Wire | F = BIL sinθ |
| Cyclotron Frequency | f = qB/(2πm) |
| EMF Induced (Faraday, N turns) | ε = −N dΦ/dt |
| Force on Moving Charge in Magnetic Field | F = qvB sinθ |
| Magnetic Field of a Long Straight Wire | B = μ₀I/(2πr) |
| Magnetic Field inside a Solenoid | B = μ₀nI |
| Torque on Current Loop in Magnetic Field | τ = NIAB sinθ |
Modern Physics (12)
| Formula | Expression |
|---|
| Planck's Equation | E = hf |
| Mass-Energy | E = mc² |
| Photoelectric | KE_max = hf - φ |
| de Broglie | λ = h/p |
| Compton Effect | Δλ = (h/m_ec)(1 − cosθ) |
| Bohr Radius (Hydrogen) | rₙ = n²h²ε₀/πme² |
| Photon Energy (Frequency Form) | E = hf |
| Photon Energy (Wavelength Form) | E = hc/λ |
| Work Function | W0 = hf0 |
| Rydberg Formula | 1/λ = R(1/n1² − 1/n2²) |
| X-ray Wavelength (Moseley Law concept) | √f = a(Z − b) |
| Uncertainty Principle (Simplified) | Δx·Δp ≥ h/4π |
Electromagnetism (6)
| Formula | Expression |
|---|
| Ampere's Law | ∮B·dl = μ₀I |
| Solenoid Field | B = μ₀nI |
| Motional EMF | ε = BLv |
| Self Inductance | ε = −L(dI/dt) |
| Faraday's Law of Induction | ε = -N(dΦ/dt) |
| Lenz's Law (concept) | induced current opposes the change in magnetic flux that produced it |
Elasticity (6)
| Formula | Expression |
|---|
| Young's Modulus | Y = Stress/Strain |
| Hooke's Law | F = kx |
| Bulk Modulus | K = −V(ΔP/ΔV) |
| Shear Modulus | G = Shear Stress/Shear Strain |
| Young's Modulus (Wire) | Y = (F/A)/(ΔL/L) |
| Elastic Potential Energy | U = ½kx² |
Semiconductor Physics (3)
| Formula | Expression |
|---|
| Diode Equation (concept) | I = I0(e^(qV/kT) − 1) |
| Transistor Current Relation | IE = IB + IC |
| Current Gain (Beta) | β = IC/IB |
AC Circuits (5)
| Formula | Expression |
|---|
| Impedance of RLC Series Circuit | Z = √(R² + (XL - Xc)²) |
| Power Factor | cosφ = R/Z |
| RMS Voltage | Vrms = V₀/√2 |
| Average AC Power | P = VrmsIrms cosφ |
| Q Factor of RLC Circuit | Q = (1/R)√(L/C) |
Semiconductor Devices (5)
| Formula | Expression |
|---|
| Diode Current Equation | I = I₀(e^(V/ηVT) - 1) |
| Transistor Current Gain (Beta) | β = Ic/Ib |
| Fermi Level (Intrinsic Semiconductor) | EF = (Ec + Ev)/2 |
| Carrier Concentration Product | n·p = ni² |
| Depletion Width (p-n Junction) | W = √(2ε(Vbi - V)/q × (1/Na + 1/Nd)) |
More class-wise formulas
Formulas are for revision. Always follow the notation and rounding used in your own textbook and board papers.
FAQ
How many 2nd Year Physics formulas are on this page?
94 formulas in 9 chapters.
Can I print the 2nd Year Physics formulas?
Yes. Press Print / Save as PDF. The page switches to a clean black-on-white layout without menus.
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Type a word such as velocity, area or mole in the search box. Only matching formulas stay visible.
Do the formulas follow my board syllabus?
They follow the usual school and intermediate syllabus, but chapter lists differ between boards. Check your own syllabus for what is included in your exam.
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